With the passage of time, human activities have created and contributed much to the aggrandizing problems of various forms of environmental pollution. Massive amounts of industrial effluents and agricultural waste wash-offs, that often comprise pesticides and other forms of agricultural chemicals, find their way to fresh water bodies, to lakes, and eventually to the oceanic systems. Such events start producing a gradual increase in the toxicity levels of marine ecosystems thereby perturbing the natural balance of such water-bodies. In this endeavor, an attempt will be made to analyze the various water quality metrics (viz. temperature, pH, dissolved-oxygen level, and conductivity) that are measured with the help of autonomous surface vehicles (ASV). The collected data will undergo big data analysis tasks so as to find the general trend of values for the water quality of the given region. These obtained values will then be compared with sample water quality values obtained from neighboring sources of water for ascertaining if these sample values exhibit aberration from the established values that were found earlier from the big data analysis tasks for water-quality standards. In the event, the sample data popints significantly deviate from the standard values established earlier, it can then be successfully concluded that the aquatic system in question, from which the water sample was sourced from, has been degraded and may no longer be utilized for any form of human usage, such as being used for drinking water purposes.
Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is also called Domestic Water Buffalo or Asian Water Buffalo. It is large bovid originating in Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and China and today found in other regions of world - Europe, Australia, North America, South America and some African countries. There are two extant types recognized based on morphological and behavioral criteria: 1. River Buffalo - Mostly found in Indian subcontinent and further west to the Balkans, Egypt, and Italy. 2. Swamp Buffalo - Found from west of Assam through Southeast Asia to the Yangtze valley of China in the east. India is the largest milk producer and consumer compared to other countries in the world and stands unique in terms of the largest share of milk being produced coming from buffaloes. The aim of this academic project is to study the livestock census data of buffalo breeds in India and their milk production using Empirical Benchmarking analysis method at state level. Looking at the small sample of data, our analysis indicates that we have been seeing increasing trends in past few years in livestock and milk production but there are considerable opportunities to increase production using combined interventions.
As the world is gripped with finding solutions to problems such as food and water shortages, the study of agriculture could improve where we stand with both of these problems. By integrating weather and sensor data, a model could be created to estimate soil moisture based on weather data that is easily accessible. While some farmers could afford to have many moisture sensors and monitor them, many would not have the funds or resources to keep track of the soil moisture long term. A solution would be to allow farmers to contract out a limited study of their land using sensors and then this model would be able to predict soil moistures from weather data. This collection of data, and predictions could be used on their own or as a part of a larger agricultural solution.